大陆架划界对南极条约体系的挑战

1982年《联合国海洋公约》(以下简称《公约》)建立了大陆架制度,要求沿海国应在批准《公约》生效十年内完成200海里以外大陆架外部界限的划定。目前,澳大利亚、挪威、阿根廷和英国等国在提交各国大陆架划界案时,先后对南纬60°以南地区的外大陆架提出了主张要求。自《南极条约》1961年生效以来,南极地区(即60°S以南地区)一直处于以《南极条约》为核心的南极条约体系的约束之下。南极条约体系是一个涉及国际南极事务众多方面的系统,对于维护南极地区的和平稳定做出了巨大贡献。通过解读南极洲领土主张七国提交的大陆架划界案和有关大陆架外部界限的初步信息,跟踪研究大陆架界限委员会审议的有关南极地区的划界案案例,分析了沿海国在南极地区的大陆架划界主张对南极条约体系法律地位产生的重大影响和挑战。

The Challenge of the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf to Antarctic Treaty System

On the basis of the continental shelf system established in the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea(UNCLOS),coastal countries are required to complete the delimitation of the limits of continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles before ten-year deadline comes.Up to now,Australia,Norway,Argentina and the UK have claimed their sovereign rights of the continental shelf in the south of 60°S latitude.The Antarctic Treaty System involves numerous aspects of the international Antarctic issues,and makes a great contribution to the maintenance of peace and stability in Antarctic region.In this paper,the authors interpret the continental shelf submissions and preliminary information made by seven countries claiming territorial sovereignty in Antarctica,and analyze the great influence and challenge of the delimitation of the continental shelf on the Antarctic Treaty System.