消费者知情权与经营者告知义务对应性偏差问题——基于司法案例的分析

法理学认为,权利和义务具有统一性和对应性,然而,司法实践中经常出现经营者已经按照有关规定履行了告知义务,消费者却仍然主张知情权受损的情形。对于消费者知情权与经营者告知义务的此种对应性偏差,目前有的法官采取义务中心思路应对,有的法官采取权利中心思路解决。根据权利本位的观点,消费者知情权应决定经营者告知义务的范围,权利中心思路更为合理。而对于有关经营者告知义务的规范性文件,其制定过程应实现公众参与,并且合理定位其效力层级。

The Correspondent Bias Between Consumer’s Right to Be Informed and Business Dealer’s Duty to Inform:Based on Case Collection

Jurisprudence holds ＂jural correlatives＂ and ＂jural opposites＂ when analyzing rights and duties. How- ever, in the juridical practice, it often occurs that consumers still claim that their right to be informed is affected even after the duty -bearers have already fulfilled their obligation to inform according to certain regulations. In order to resolve the contradiction between the consumers＇rights and the sellers＇ duties, some judges have adopted the obligation - centered concept, while some judges right - centered one. According to the right - based per- spective, the consumers＇ rights should be a determinant part to decide the scope of the duty - bearers＇ obliga- tion, showing that the right -centered concept is more reasonable. The paper advocates the public participation in drafting the regulation documents about duty - bearer＇ s obligations, which should be decided rationally and ef- fectively.