人的有限性与上帝的可能性——论陀思妥耶夫斯基复调小说的拯救主题

在人与上帝的二维向度中,陀思妥耶夫斯基复调小说展开了寻求拯救的主题。小说通过拉斯柯尼科夫等人的悲剧,否定了人企图取代上帝实现自我拯救的可能,昭示了人的有限性;通过索尼娅等人所持守的十字架精神,展现了人在上帝中获救的无限可能性,但现实与历史又把信仰置于永恒的怀疑中。小说对于人与上帝的可能性考察并没有完成。这种对话的未完成状态,正昭示了真理的开放性和拓展性。

Limitation of Human Beings and Possibility of God——On Theme of Salvation in Dostoevsky's Polyphonic Novels

In the two-dimension frame of human beings and God,Dostoevsky develops his theme of seeking for salvation.In his novels,through the tragedy of Raskolnikov and other characters,Fyodor Dostoevsky denies the possibility that human beings replace God and gain salvation by themselves,thus displaying human beings' limitation;through Sonia's conviction of Cross Spirit,Fyodor Dostoevsky shows the infinitive possibility of salvation within God,whereas reality and history place belief under eternal suspicion.However,the study of possibilities between human beings and God are not finished in these novels;and this unfinished state flatly declares that truth is open and developing.