公立学校“科层制批判”的反思与批判

自 20世纪 80年代以来 ,伴随世界性的公共部门改革运动 ,人们对公立学校科层制的批判呼声也日渐高涨。然而 ,诸多对公立学校科层制本身的认识及批判存在很大程度上的片面性与不合理性。公立学校的问题是发展中的问题 ,公立学校科层制首先是一个中性的概念 ,其存在本身就有诸多可资解释的内外因素。科层制低效并非公立学校特有的、内生性的难题 ,私立学校也并不一定比公立学校拥有更高的办学绩效。我们应从一味反思、感性批判的态度转向理性、建设性的立场来评价公立学校科层制 ,以客观、全面、换位思考的姿态去积极克服公立学校科层制的弊端。公立学校的自主发展转向、公立学校的内部激励机制与内部事务透明化是改进公立学校科层制组织结构的应对之道。

Criticizing and Introspecting on Public School's "Bureaucracy Criticism"

Since the 1980's , with the worldwide reform movement in the public sector , there has been growing criticism on the public school's bureaucracy system . However , there are misunderstandings in people's recognition of and their criticism to the public school bureaucracy system . Therefore , we should adopt objective and rational attitudes toward this system to clarify the misunderstandings . Firstly , the concept of bureaucracy itself is neutral . Secondly , the problem of public school is the problem of development . Thirdly , there are reasons for the existence of bureaucracy in the public school itself . The inefficiency of bureaucracy does not only lie in the public school , and the private school is not always more efficient than the public school . What we need to do is to change our critical attitudes to the disadvantages of bureaucracy system of the public school and to try to explore rational ways to overcome them . Therefore , we should work out feasible strategies in practice , such as empowering schools to take charge of their own development , creating its internal incentive mechanism and making public its internal affairs .