大学生心理素质的实然性与应然性比较

研究大学生的心理现状，提高大学生的心理素质，是中国高等教育面临的重要任务。对某高校90位教师和445位在校大学生进行问卷调查并对调查结果进行统计分析。分析认为，目前大学生心理素质水平普遍不高，其实际心理素质水平相当于“部分具备”，没有达到“基本具备”；无论是教师的评价还是大学生的自身评价，或者是师生联合评价，大学生心理素质的实然性水平都显著低于其应然性水平。分析结果表明，大学生心理素质的实际水平距离期望的水平还有较大差距，应该在创新与管理、自知与自律、适应环境、自我调适、情绪积极、职业发展、应变素质等方面加强培养。

Comparison between the expected quality and the actual quality of college students' psychology

Through investigation for 90 teachers and 445 students at college by questionnaire, it is discovered that the students generally have low psychological quality at present. Their actual psychological quality level corresponds to ＂partial possession＂, not to ＂basic possession＂. Comments from teachers or students or both of them show that the students＇ actual psychological quality level is much lower than what they should have. There is a great gap between their actual level and expected level. So the students＇ psychological quality should be cultivated from the following aspects：innovation and management, self-learning and self-discipline, environmental adaptation, self-adaptation, positive emotion, career development and flexibility and so on.