改革开放以来中国农业劳动力变迁研究——基于人口普查数据的分析

文章运用1982年以来的历次人口普查资料,系统分析了改革开放以来我国农业劳动力的规模与分布、人口年龄结构、素质发展历程和现状。考察期内,农业劳动力规模先增后减,男性农业劳动力始终多于女性；粮食主产区与非主产区内的农业劳动力分布较为集中；农业劳动力呈现老化、女性化特征,且20-49岁女性农业劳动力占比超过男性农业劳动力。农业劳动力人口素质提升缓慢,与全国就业人口平均受教育年限差距不断拉大,新型职业农民规模不断增加。为此,从留住适量适龄农民,培育新型职业农民、加快土地流转和大力推广农业技术方面提出建议。

A Study on the Agriculture Labor Force:Based on the Population Censuses of China

This paper uses the data of several population censuses of china from 1982, analysis the development process and status of the size and distribution, age structure, and population quality for agricultural labor force. The results show that the size of agricultural labor force increases firstly and then decreases. The size of the male agricultural labor force is more than the female. The agricultural labor force of major grain producing areas and non-major grain producing areas distribute over minority provinces. The agricultural labor force is ageing, and the ratio of majority female age group of agricultural labor force increase in 2010, the 20~49 female agricultural labor force ratio is more than male. The quality of agricultural labor force increase slowly, the gap between agricultural labor force and national labor force is growing, and the size of new famer is increasing. So we propose that keeping appropriate young famers, raising professional farmers, farmland transfer and agricultural technology extension.