生态视域下的森林管理制度变迁及其反思——云南M县案例研究

管理制度变迁对生态演变具有显著的影响。传统时期地方社会有一套有效的森林管理制度。以云南M县为例,通过对森林使用的类型划分,乡规民约和信仰、禁忌,地方传统有效地保护了当地的森林。1949年以来,由于地方社会组织、制度和信仰禁忌的破坏,森林遭受严重砍伐。此后,现代森林管理制度逐步建立。现代森林管理制度在操作中的问题体现在：正式管理制度的低嵌入性、管理人员地方性知识缺乏、管理和执法力量的弱覆盖性和管理机构的利益化取向。因此,需要探索正式制度与非正式制度互补的管理模式。

The Change of Forest Management Institutional and its Reflection In A County

The change of management institutional has significant effect on ecological evolution. Traditional local society has a set of effective institution of forest management. Taking M county in Yunnan province as an example, through the classification of forest use, local rules, beliefs and taboos, local traditional society effectively protected the local forest. Since 1949, due to the damage of local social organizations and institutions, beliefs and taboo, forests were severely cut down. Since then, modern forest management institution gradually established. The problems of modern forest management institution in the operation were the following: the low embeddability of formal management institution, lack of local knowledge, weak coverage of management and law enforcement, the benefit-orientation of the management institutions. Therefore, we need to explore the complementary management mode between formal system and informal system.