从学理层面重新审视阶级的概念与理论

本文梳理了西方学术界自马克思以来关于阶级的概念与阶级分析的发展脉络，分别阐述了马克思、M.韦伯和马克思主义、韦伯主义以及新马克思主义等学术流派的观点。马克思与M.韦伯分别确定了两种阶级分析的学术范畴，后继的学者则按照这两种学术范畴对他们的阶级概念进行了解读与重新定义，但是新的定义导致了阶级概念更为模糊，阶级概念成为了社会科学与政治斗争中一个颇受争论的核心概念。自1980年代以来，新马克思主义者与新韦伯主义者都致力于研究阶级概念的操作化问题，并试图在此基础上提出一套可供经验研究的理论框架，两条阶级分析的脉络自此逐渐走向了融合。

Reexamine the Class Theory and Its Concepts at the Theoretical Level

This paper reviews the class concepts and class analysis in the Western academia since Karl Marx and describes schools of thought represented by Marx， Weber， Marxism， Weberism and the New Marxism. Marx and Weber determined two kinds of class analysis. Their class concepts have been interpreted and redefined by their followers. However， the new definitions have led to an even blurrier class conceptualization. The class concept has become a core concept in the controversy of social sciences and political struggles. Since the 1980s， New Marxian and New Weberism have taken up the research to operationalize the class conceptualization and have tried to lay out a theoretical framework for empirical studies； thus， the two research routes have started to converge.