从柏拉图的哲学王到卢梭的立法者

在制度与公民的关系问题上存在着"有好制度才有好公民,有好公民才有好制度"的悖论,为解决这一悖论,柏拉图引入哲学王的概念,卢梭则引入立法者的概念.柏拉图和卢梭在解决上述悖论方面存在两个主要差异:在由谁来确定共同善的问题上,他们存在着唯理智主义与唯意志主义的差异;在依据什么来塑造理想国家的问题上,他们则存在着普遍主义与特殊主义的差异.最终,柏拉图和卢梭都不得不求助于神意来支撑他们的理论.

From Plato's Philosopher-king to Rousseau's Legislator

There is a paradoxical or circular nature of the relation between the institution and its citizens,which is there are right citizens only if there is a right institution,while there is a right institution only if there are right citizens.To settle this paradox,Plato introduces the concept of Philosopher-king and Rousseau introduces the concept of legislator.There are two main differences between Plato and Rousseau on their efforts to resolve the above paradox:the first one is between rationalism and the vol...