从反例的角度看语法化过程的单向性

语法化过程的单向性是国际语言学界争论的热点之一。单向性的反例按照语言演进的方向可分为反向性例证与双向性例证,它们有的不能体现语言实际的发展趋势;有的更有可能是歧变过程的结果。另外,矫枉过正与语言接触是产生单向性反例的重要原因。因而,单向性反例的存在不能作为否定语法化过程单向性的依据。

The Studies on the Unidirectionality of Grammaticalization from the Perspective of Counter-evidence

The unidirectionality of grammaticalization is one of the hottest issues in international linguistic field. The paper firstly trims the basic concepts and mechanisms of grammaticalization and unidirectionality. Then, it proceeds to analyze the unidirectional issue from the perspective of counter-evidence. The counterexamples to unidirectionality can be classified into two types according to the direction of change: counter-directionality and bidirectionality. Some of them cannot honestly reflect the normal process of language change and some are more likely to be the result of divergence. Moreover, some non-linguistic factors such as hypercor-rection and language contact can lead to the appearance of the counter-evidence. In conclusion, the existence of counter-evidence alone cannot prove the hypothesis of unidirectionality incorrect.