当代日本中国人类学研究中的政治分析——以日本国立民族学博物馆的一个共同研究课题组为例

日本国立民族学博物馆近年开展了关于现当代中国的革命实践及表象的人类学研究。“革命”是诠释近现代以来中国的最核心概念之一 ,它包括始于 1911年的辛亥革命以及 1949年建国以后的 社会主义革命。中国革命不仅是一个历史过程 ,更是一个文化系统。革命的理念生成了新话语和新制度 ,同时以服饰、礼仪等形式被表象着 ,并被人们所实践着。新制度和新话语与传统之间有断裂 ,也有连续性。在市场经济及全球化的现在 ,革命的记忆、诸制度被不断地重构。通过采用田野调查、问卷调研、文本分析、个人生活史研究等方法 ,21个研究个案为中国人类学研究提供了三个崭新的主题和框架 : (1)宣传、言说、服饰、电影中的革命表象 ;(2)革命过程中民间的社会制度、文化/礼仪的重构 ;(3)市场经济和全球化下的革命记忆与社会转型。

A Political Analysis of the Anthropological Studies on China in Japan:From the Perspective of a Joint Research Team in the Japanese National Museum of Ethnology

In recent years , anthropological research on practice and representation of revolution in modern China has been carried out in the Japanese National Museum of Ethnology . Revolution is one of the core concepts interpreting the formation of modern China . Revolution here includes both the Xinhai Revolution beginning in 1911 and the Social Revolution since 1949 . Chinese Revolution is not only a historical process , but also a cultural system . Revolutionary ideas have invented new discourse and new systems . They have been represented by means of costume , ritual and so on , and have been practiced by different kinds of people . There are changes and continuity between the new and the old . The revolutionary memories and systems are continuingly reconstructed under the market economy and globalization . By using methods of anthropological fieldwork , questionnaire survey , text analysis and life history , 21 case studies presented in this paper provide three new themes and frameworks for anthropological studies on China . They are :( 1 ) Representation of revolution in propaganda , discourse , costume and movies;( 2 ) Reshaping of traditional social system , culture and ritual in the process of revolution;(3) Consuming and reshaping of revolutionary memory and social switch under the market economy and globalization .