悉尼语法和加的夫语法的存在句句法—语义分析

文章旨在从系统功能语法的视角探讨英语存在(小)句的句法一语义分析。研究表明.在悉尼语法的及物性分析中,存在句可能是存在过程、(属性型或识别型)关系过程或物质过程小句;而在加的夫语法的及物性分析中,存在句可能是(地点型、属性型、方向型、属有型)关系过程或动作过程小句。在主位分析上,悉尼语法把句首的表示存在意义的There当作无标记的主位;而加的夫语法把There(和be)当作“主位引发语”,把动词后的名词词组当作“存在型强势主位”(可能由“简单载体”、过程和“目的地”、过程和“受事一载体”或过程和“受事”充当)。悉尼语法和加的夫语法在存在句的人际意义和句法分析方面则基本相同。 

The Syntactico-semantic Analysis of English Existential Clauses in the Sydney Grammar and the Cardiff Grammar

This paper aims to explore the syntactico-semantic analysis of English existential clauses from the perspectives of the Sydney Grammar （SG） and the Cardiff Grammar （CG）. It is revealed that in SG＇s transitivity analysis, English existential clauses can be clauses of existential, （attributive or identifying） relational or material processes, whereas in CG＇s transitivity analysis, existential clauses are clauses of （locational, attributive, directional or possessive） relational or action processes. In terms of thematic analysis, SG takes the existential There as the unmarked Theme, while CG regards There （and be） as the ＂thematic build-up＂ and the postverbal nominal group as the ＂existential enhanced theme＂, which is realized either by simple Carrier, Process and Destination, Process and Affected-Cartier, or by Process and Affected. SG and CG are basically the same in terms of the interpersonal analysis and the syntactic analysis of existential clauses.