试论胎儿权益的民法保护

胎儿的权利保护在我国立法中很不充分,导致现实生活中胎儿权益受损时无法得到应有的补偿。适值民法典立法之时,有必要重新反思胎儿的法律地位以及我国目前立法对胎儿保护的妥当性,确认其享有的权利范围。文章认为,在采取附条件保护主义对胎儿权益进行保护的同时,还应扩大对胎儿民事权利的保护范围,应当对胎儿在健康权、继承权、抚养损害、受遗赠权以及程序法上作为诉讼主体的权利等方面予以确认。此外,立法上应对胎儿民事权利保护的方式作出较为详细的规定。

On the Protection of Fetus' Interests in Civil Laws

Protection of fetus rights is inadequate as stipulated in China's civil law.In real life,fetus' rights,if hurt,often do not get effective protection and proper compensation.Just when Civil Law is legislated,it is necessary to reconsider the legal status of human fetus and the appropriateness of the protection of human fetus by legislation at present in China so as to affirm in legal form the limits of rights enjoyed by human fetus.While taking conditioned protectionism for fetus' interests we should also expand the domain to protect fetus' civil rights.We ought to affirm in legal form that human fetus enjoy five rights,i.e.health rights,property heirship,right of being brought up,right of presenting a gift,and right of being regarded as procedural subject in Procedural Law.In the meantime,legislation should give more detailed stipulations on the protection mode of the civil rights of the fetus.