贸易开放对中国水环境污染影响的实证研究

文章基于2004-2013年中国31个省市的面板数据,采用动态面板模型和差分GMM估计方法,分别选取化学需氧量排放和氨氮排放作为水环境污染的有机污染物和无机污染物的排放指标,对贸易开放的结构效应引致的中国水环境污染排放进行了实证研究.研究结果表明,经济增长的规模和技术效应是影响水环境污染排放的主要因素,直接结构效应对中国水污染排放的影响不显著,贸易开放的结构效应也在一定程度上加剧了中国水环境污染的排放.通过引入贸易开放的相关交叉项进一步对决定贸易结构效应的比较优势来源进行识别,结果发现,对于中国水环境污染排放并不存在所谓的“污染天堂效应”和“要素禀赋效应”.贸易的结构效应会导致西部经济欠发达地区的水污染排放降低,而对中东部经济相对发达地区,贸易的结构效应会引致其水污染排放量的增大和排放强度的加剧.

Empirical research on the influence of trade oppenness on water environment pollution in China

Based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2004 to 2013, this article utilized dynamic panel model and differential GMM estimation and chose chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (AN) to be the organic and inorganic pollutant indicators. It did empirical research on China''s water environment pollution discharge induced by the structure effect of trade openness. The research results show that the scale and technical effects of economic growth are the main effects influencing on water environment pollution discharge, and the direct structure effects of economic growth influencing on water environment pollution discharge is not significant. The structure effect of trade openness aggravates China''s water environment pollution discharge to a certain extent. By leading in relevant cross terms of trade openness, we can distinguish the source of comparative advantage determining structure effects of trade openness. It is found that there exist no pollution heaven effect and factor endowment effect on China''s water environment pollution. The structure effect of trade openness can lead to lower water pollution discharge in western part that is less developed, but can increase the water pollution discharge in the mid-eastern China.