论唐代以后古代汉诗的诗体建设

古代汉诗的历史是诗体的规范与解放的对抗与和解史,形成了多种准定型诗体和定型诗体。诗体法则与诗体自由之间、定型诗体与非定型诗体之间的和解在唐代以后最为明显。唐代是汉诗的定型诗体建设的高峰时期,格律诗成为古代汉诗中最重要的诗体。但是准定型诗体甚至未定型诗体仍然存在。从唐代起,出现了一元(格律诗)主导下的多元(词、曲)并存的诗体格局。准定型诗体词和曲具有一定的文体调和作用,缓和了诗体法则与诗体自由的矛盾,打破了格律诗的诗体独裁,防止了汉诗的极端定型,同时对维护格律诗的正统地位、维护古代汉诗高度重视诗体的定型与规范的传统意义重大。尽管唐代以后出现了汉诗诗体的由定型诗体向准定型诗体转化的诗体解放趋势,但是只是适度的诗体改良,诗体的流变具有继承性,并不否认前代诗体,同一时代的诗体既有主导诗体,也有辅助诗体,这种诗体格局在清代仍然存在。这种诗体格局与文人的生态休戚相关。

On the Construction of Poetic Style of Ancient Chinese Poetry since Tang Dynasty

The history of ancient Chinese poetry is full of the conflict and peace of the rule and freedom on poetic style.There are several quasi-fixed poetic style and closed form.Since Tang Dynasty,the peace of rule and freedom or closed form and open form on poetic style is much than the conflict of them.Closed form was paid most attention during Tang Dynastye. Metrical poetry is the most important poetic style in Ancient Chinese Poetry.But some othe poetic styles ,especially some quasi-fixed poetic styles and opened forms are still welcome by poets.Since Tang Dynasty,Metrical poetry is the leader and it is helped by other poetic style,especially Ci and Qu which have an important use in construction of poetic style. They make much peace between the rule and the freedom of poetic style.They avoid the danger that poetic style is led to metrical way extremely.They are very useful on the exist of metrical poetry which is the orthodox poetry in ancient Chinese poetry.They are also useful on keeping the tradition which the formed style and rules of poetic style are attached important of ancient Chinese poetry.Although there are poetic style reforms which closed form is changed from fixed poetic style into quasi-fixed poetic style after Tang Dynasty.All of them are not extremely.The leadship of metrical poetry is not moved.the other poetic styles are also used.Such structure of poetic style which is not changed even in Qing Dynasty is decided by the life enviroment of poets.