关于16-17世纪中国佛郎机火炮的射程问题

16世纪初,欧洲制式佛郎机火炮被传到中国,它的结构、火力、射程、命中率诸方面,均超过了明朝的神机枪炮。明廷迫于军事上的需要,积极吸收、推广和改进此项技术,使之成为明嘉靖朝至万历朝年间最犀利的火器。但是,它的射程问题东西双方历来少有人问津,现根据古今中外有关佛郎机火炮研究的史料,对其作去伪存真的分析,推断出其有效射程为1华里左右,最大射程在3华里之内。其射程数据被虚夸实有一定的社会原因。

Discussion on Chinese Franc Gun's Range in 16-17th Century

From the 16~th century,the European franc cannon were introduced to China.Its structure,firepower,can- non-shot and probability of shots were superior to the Chinese traditional firearm.The Ming dynasty received,spread and improved it with great zeal,and the Franc cannon became the mightiest firearm in the years from JiaJing Emperor to Wanli Emperor.However,few people paid attention to the cannon-shot.The author utilized the historical materials from China and abroad,separated the false materials from true ones,and made an estimation that the effective cannon-shot was about 500 meters,and the largest range was within 1,500 meters.There were some reasons why the data of the cannon-shot had been exaggerated.