走出离合词现象的迷局——从准定语与准名词现象入手

词的离合现象是语法研究中的老大难问题。文章独辟蹊径,从与词的离析使用密切相关的准定语和准名词入手,根据句子的信息结构原则,解释了词的离合现象的成因。文章指出,话语的信息结构安排是促成句法结构重组的语用推力:话题语的指称化处置诱发了准定语结构的操作,基本不涉及词的离析;评述语受单一新信息原则制约而出现的事件化处置,迫使及物性低的双音词强行拆分以容纳事件化所需要素,是诱发词的离析并催生准定语和准名词的直接动因。文章的观点是,用朴素的眼光看汉语,汉语中并无什么离合词,词的离合只是非形态语中双音词的用法变异,是语用型语言句子信息结构进行整编与重组的副产品。

The Way out of the Maze of the Split-words: Starting with the Quasi-attributives and Quasi-nouns

That some compounds can be splitted has formed a maze in Chinese grammar research. Based on the principle of information structure, this paper tries to explain the causes of split-word phenomenon from the perspetive of the quasi-attributives and quasi-nouns which are closely related to the split-words.The paper points out that the arrangement of discourse in formation structure is a pragmatic push for the reorganization of syntactic structure.To be specific, the quasi-attributive structure is generated by the nominalization of the Topic, while it rarely happens to the split-words. On the other hand, the eventualization as a result of the Comment constrained by the Principle of Single Information makes the disyllabic words with little transitivity splitted so as to accommodate the obligatory elements of the eventualization, which is the direct cause of split-words and the emergence of quasi-attributives and quasi-nouns. Thus conclusions are made as follows: There are no such words as splil-words in Chinese and the so-called “split-word” is nothing but the variant of disyllabic word in non-morphological language, and the by-product of the interaction of the reorganization information structure with the syntactic arrangement in pragmatic-oriented languages.