基于试点改革经验的江苏省宅基地取得方式初探

运用对应分析法、熵权法、ArcGIS数据分析方法及SPSS聚类分析法剖析试点地区宅基地改革经验，界定宅基地取得方式划分阈值，探索向江苏省以至全国范围的推广路径。研究结果表明:宅基地取得方式可以划分为三类:得分介于[0,26.15）之间的为福利分配方式，得分介于[26.15,48.02）之间的为半福利半市场方式，得分介于[48.02,100]之间的为市场有偿方式。应结合试点地区改革经验，综合运用产权、管制、市场等工具，针对不同资源禀赋地区宅基地资源特性，因地制宜地制定相关政策和措施:（1）在以市场有偿为主要方式取得宅基地的地区，建立合理有序的宅基地流转市场，增加农民财产收入，探索利益调整实施路径，平衡利益分配格局，推动乡村振兴；（2）在以福利分配为主要取得方式的地区，应继续发挥宅基地的居住保障功能，逐步完善农民的社会保障，加快宅基地确权颁证工作，确保户有所居；（3）在以半福利半市场方式取得宅基地的地区，在保留和更好地发挥宅基地居住保障功能的同时，可以适当采用小范围试点，等到条件成熟后，逐步引导宅基地入市交易。

Preliminary Study on Mode of Farmers' Homestead in Jiangsu Province based on Pilot Areas' Reform Experience

Correspondence analysis, entropy weight method, ArcGIS date analysis and SPSS clustering analysis method were used to analyze the experience of homestead system reform in pilot areas, define the ways of homestead acquisition, and explore a path to be promoted to Jiangsu province and even the whole country. The results show that: homestead acquisition can be divided into three types: welfare distribution mode [0,26.15], semi-welfare-semi-market mode [26.15,48.02] and market paid mode [48.02,100]. According to the reform experience of pilot areas, relevant policies and measures should be formulated in light of the characteristics of homestead resources with different resource endowments by making comprehensive use of property right, regulation, market and other tools. (1) Establish a reasonable and orderly market for the transfer of homestead in areas where paid market is the main way to obtain homestead, increase farmers’ property income, explore ways to adjust and implement interests, balance the pattern of interest distribution, and promote rural revitalization. (2) In areas where welfare distribution is the main mode of acquisition, continue to give full play to the residential security function of homestead, gradually improve social security of farmers, speed up the confirmation and certification of homestead rights, and ensure that households have a place to live. (3) In areas where the homestead is acquired in the way of half-welfare and half-market, while retaining and giving better play to the housing security function of the homestead, a small-scale pilot can be appropriately adopted. When conditions are ripe, the homestead can be gradually guided into the market for trading.