不同类型环境规制对全要素能源效率的影响

不同类型环境规制会使市场资源配置发生不同转变，进而对全要素能源效率产生不同影响。基于2003—2018年中国省级面板数据，将环境规制分为正式、非正式两种类型并构建综合指标评价体系，运用SBM和共同前沿模型相结合测度考虑地区生产技术差异的全要素能源效率，利用面板门槛和中介效应模型从直接和间接两个维度研究环境规制在促进全国全要素能源效率提升过程中的影响效应。研究发现:正式环境规制对中国全要素能源效率提升发挥积极影响，但当其超过合理阈值时将减弱；非正式环境规制对中国全要素能源效率的影响呈先抑制、后促进的“U形”趋势。正式、非正式环境规制可通过影响技术创新和外商直接投资间接促进全要素能源效率的提高，且非正式环境规制的促进作用更强；产业结构升级在不同类型环境规制影响能源效率过程中存在遮掩效应，且非正式环境规制的遮掩效应更大。因此，应进一步优化环境规制工具，以科学的环境规制政策促进企业创新能力的提升和高质量外商投资的增加，增加全要素能源效率。

Impacts of Different Types of Environmental Regulations' on Total Factor Energy Efficiency of China

Different types of environmental regulations cause different changes in the allocation of market resources, which in turn have different effects on total factor energy efficiency. Based on provincial panel data from 2003 to 2018, in this paper, environmental regulations were divided into formal and informal types, a comprehensive index evaluation system was built, the combination of SBM and Meta-frontier model was used to measure total factor energy efficiency considering regional production technology differences, and the panel threshold and the intermediary effect model were used to study the promotion of environmental regulations from both direct and indirect dimensions. Results show that: formal environmental regulations have a positive impact on the improvement of total-factor energy efficiency of China, but the effect will weaken when it exceeds a reasonable threshold; the impact of informal environmental regulations on total-factor energy efficiency is a “U-shaped” trend that first decreases and then increases. Formal and informal environmental regulations can indirectly promote the improvement of total factor energy efficiency by influencing technological innovation and foreign direct investment, and informal environmental regulations have a stronger promoting effect. The industrial structure upgrade has a masking effect in the process of different types of environmental regulations affecting energy efficiency, and the masking effect of informal environmental regulations is greater. Therefore, environmental regulatory tools should be further optimized, and scientific environmental regulatory policies should be used to promote the improvement of corporate innovation capabilities and the increase of high-quality foreign investment, thereby increasing total factor energy efficiency.