冬学与农民教育:1950年代山西农村社会研究

传统社会的冬学主要是在农村进行识字教育与思想启蒙。新中国成立后，国家希望通过多种渠道推广农业生产技术来提高粮食产量，故对广大农民群众的教育问题给予了重点关注。因此，冬学不再是单一的文化教育，其更加注重农业技术的普及教育，把培养农民正确的生产观、提高农业生产技术作为冬学教育的主要内容。在具体实践中则是通过新技术替代传统生产方式，进而实现对农民传统思想观念的改造。1950年代开展的以思想教育与农业生产技术教育为主要内容的冬学为研究新中国成立后传统农村社会改造提供了技术—思想—社会的新路径。

Winter-learning and Farmer Education: A Study of Shanxi Rural Society in the 1950s

Winter-learning in traditional society is mainly about literacy education and ideological enlightenment in rural areas. After the founding of the People''s Republic of China, the state hoped to promote agricultural production technology through various channels to improve grain output, and the Communist Party of China paid special attention to the educational issues of the vast masses of farmers. Therefore, winter-learning is no longer a single cultural education, it pays more attention to the popularization and application of agricultural technology education, and takes cultivating farmers'' correct production view and improving agricultural production technology as the main content. In practice, it is to replace the traditional production mode through new technology, and then realize the transformation of the traditional ideas of farmers. The peasant education carried out in the 1950s through winter-learning mainly focused on the ideological education of production and the technical education of production. It implanted new ideas in people''s minds through ideology education, social organization, rural practice and other work, creating conditions for the transformation of rural society.