幼儿数学能力性别差异的调查研究--以北京市延庆区某幼儿园大班为例

采用数学能力测试、观察法和问卷调查方法，对北京市延庆县某幼儿园大班进行调查研究发现，大班幼儿在数量与计数能力（单双数的认识能力、相邻数的掌握程度、2—10数的分解与组成）和空间能力中的排序（长短、薄厚）两个维度上存在性别差异，均表现为女孩的能力强于男孩。大班幼儿在数量与计数能力（目测瓢虫说出七星瓢虫的总数、1—10顺着数和倒着数、认识运算符号和简单的加减运算、认识人民币）、分类、等量守恒、空间，以及时间能力方面均不存在性别差异。造成幼儿数学能力性别差异的原因主要是男女幼儿存在自身差异、幼儿园教学活动忽视了两性差异。因此幼儿园教育应树立正确的性别差异观，教师要改善教育环境，遵循因性施教的原则来开展数学教育。

Research on Gender Differences in Child Mathematical Competence

The essay is based on mathematical competence tests, observations and questionnaires. Through surveys of 5-6 year-old children at Yanqing No.1 Kindergarten in Beijing, this study explores the mathematical competence difference of children through statistical analysis. It discusses reasons of gender difference caused by mathematical competences, in order to improve kindergarten teacher awareness. On the one hand, results show that there are gender differences among 5-6-year-old children in counting, including recognition of odd and even numbers, consecutive numbers, decomposition and composition of digits from 2 to 10, as well as ranking abilities such as length and thickness. Yet girls show stronger competence than boys. On the other hand, there is no gender difference among 5-6-year-old children in counting, including recognizing seven-spotted ladybugs, counting numbers from 1 to 10 in ascending and descending order, knowing arithmetic symbols and simple addition and subtraction operations, as well as knowing about RMB, classification, equal amounts of conservation, space and time.