普通高校女生本科四年期间体质变化及启示--基于中华女子学院的研究

追踪高校女生在本科四年期间的体质变化，并根据研究结果为学校体育工作提出建议，以达到提高学生体质健康的目的。选取中华女子学院2004—2012级全部参加在校四年期间体质测试的本科女大学生，对其肺活量、台阶测试、立定跳远和坐位体前屈等指标进行追踪研究。所有体质健康测试按照当年施行的《学生体质健康标准》，采用教育部指定的仪器，由经过培训的施测人员进行。通过重复测量方差分析对女大学生四年间同一指标进行比较，所有统计检验的显著性水平设定在0.05(双尾)。研究结果显示，女生在本科期间的肺活量/体重指数测试结果呈现逐年上升的趋势，女生大一时的台阶测试指数显著好于其后三年的测试结果，且差异均具有显著性。研究揭示，目前体育课对心血管机能指标（台阶测试）影响有限，女大学生的有氧运动能力需要加强。

Changes of Physical Fitness in Four Years Among Female College Students and Suggestions for Physical Education

This study tracks the changes in physical fitness among female college students over four years, and provides suggestions for physical education. Females students who enrolled at China Women’s University from 2004-2012, and provided fitness data over four years, were included in the study. Testing data on lung capacity, stepping, standing long jump, and sitarafreacl were collected. All measurements followed the Students Physical Health Standards protocol using equipment approved by the Ministry of Education. Assessments were conducted by trained staff. Differences between students tested over four years were compared using repeated analysis of variances. All statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics version 21.0 (IBM Inc., Armonk, NY). Statistical tests were two-tailed at 5%significance level. Lung capacity/weight increased across the years. Studerts’performance in Stepping dreased over four years. The intensity of aerobic exericses physical education classes seem not enough to improve cardiovascular fitness. The study suggests that aerobic ability needs to be strengthened among female college students.