“左联”组织结构的构成、缺陷与解体——“左联”的组织传播研究

在20世纪30年代的特殊文化语境中,"左联"组织机构上的缺陷是导致"左联"解体的体制因素,但长期以来被人所忽视。"左联"成立,是中共中央宣传政策调整的产物。"左联"成立之初,在机构设置上力图实现"集体领导",但在现实中却形成了两个领导核心:一是由组织保证的、直线式的领导机关;二是依靠片言只语对这个组织产生重要影响的"权威"。在两个领导核心之间,没有保障双方沟通的机制,而只是通过"联络人"进行有限的沟通。每个"联络人"事实上也是信息的"把关人",在信息的传达过程中,他们往往会根据"听者"的不同或者根据"信息发出者"的意思对信息进行增加或者删减,而信息传达之后的一两句劝告和建议往往会起到比信息更重要的作用。从组织传播学的角度看来,"左联"的组织更接近"直线参谋"的结构。它的缺点在于:由于包含了两种结构形式,如果内部信息流通不畅,两者间容易产生一些矛盾。"左联"的解体,正是没有避免这种组织结构缺陷的必然结果。

Composition, defects and breakup of a "direct-consulting" structure:a study of Zuolian from the organizational communication theory

In the special cultural context of the 1930s, Zuolian's organizational defects, ignored for long by researchers, eventually led to its breakup. As the result of adjustment in the disseminative policy of the CCP, originally a collective leadership was intended, but in fact it ended up in two, one after the direct-consulting model, the other being some authority giving words that had great influence on it. There was no effective way of communication between the two models but some liaison, with every liaison being an information "guard" who often tends to add or cut some information according to the idea of the "listener" or "origin of information" in the process of information transmitting. Zuolian's organization is closer to the direct-consulting model from the view of organizational communication, but the dual leading center and poor communicating mechanism is a defect that leads to its eventual breakup.