国有财产和私有财产:刑法面前如何平等——以"合理分类理论"和"一体刑的平等论"为基础

现行立法对国有财产和私有财产实行差异保护,要检讨这种立法的合理性,须先确定人人平等的真正含义。根据合理分类理论,只要法律之目的正当,并且法律上的分类是实现这一目的必须的,这种分类而形成的差异是符合人人平等原则的。根据一体刑的平等论,刑法上的平等要符合“报应制约上限,功利缓和下限”的要求。据此,现行刑法对国有财产和私有财产的差异性保护,符合合理分类理论和一体刑的平等论,符合刑法面前人人平等原则。

Equal Protection of State Property and Private Property in Criminal Law: An Analysis Based on Theory of Rational Classification and Theory of Integrated Punishment

The present legislation implements different protections for state properties and private properties.To test the rationality of the legislation,the real meaning of equality should be defined.According to the theory of rational classification,if the purpose of law is legitimate and the classifying is reasonable with the target,the classification will correspond to principle of equal protection.According to the equal theory of integrated theory,to realize the equal protection in criminal law,not only the harm of the crime but also the needs of preventing crime should be taken into account.As a result,the different punishments between the clause protecting state property and the clause protecting private property should be accorded with the principle of equal protection.