第73次宪法修正案与印度基层妇女参政的新进展

印度妇女自古地位低下,在政治上更是处于边缘状态。1992年印度通过第73次宪法修正案,规定在潘查亚特中为妇女保留三分之一的席位,这为基层妇女参政带来了重大转机,主要表现为大量妇女当选潘查亚特代表,落后种姓妇女较以往更多地参与政治,妇女的参政意识受到激发。但是在男性占主导的社会政治环境中,参政能力较弱的妇女在履行职能的过程中处处受到制约,要让妇女在基层政治中更好地发挥作用,还需要进一步保障潘查亚特中妇女代表的权力,并且对妇女代表进行系统而有效的培训。

The 73rd Constitutional Amendment and the New Progress of Indian Grassroots Women's Political Participation

Indian women were quite oppressed in ancient times,and though great efforts have been made to protect the rights of women,there is little change in the political status of the majority of Indian women.In 1992,the 73rd Constitutional Amendment was passed,mandating that the composition of local councils include at least one third women.The reservation gave Indian women,including women from lower castes and scheduled castes,a big chance to participate in Panchayati Raj.However,after the introduction of the amendment,women＇s participation,while successful in certain extent,is hindered by the influence of other variables.To give full play to women＇s roles in grassroots politics,women delegates＇ rights need to be further guaranteed in Panchayat,as well systematic and effective training should be taken to women delegates.