俄国社会发展道路:恩格斯与民粹派思想比较研究

在俄国社会发展问题上,民粹派将俄国农村公社理想化、俄国农民神圣化、少数知识分子的作用绝对化,企图使俄国不经过生产力的累积而直接进入社会主义。恩格斯则认为,俄国必须以西方无产阶级革命的成功为先决条件,在农村公社的基础上“跨越资本主义卡夫丁峡谷”。二者论争的焦点在于,如何看待农村公社与俄国资本主义的发展,根本分歧实际上是历史唯物主义与历史唯心主义、科学社会主义与空想社会主义两种思想体系的对立。

A Contrastive Study of Engels' and Populists' Thoughts on the Road to the Russian Social Development

In their discussions on the issue of the Russian social development,the populists idealized the Russian village communes,deified the Russian farmers and exaggerated the role of the intellectual minority.They hoped to make Russia enter into socialism without any accumulation of the productive force.Whereas Engels argued that the success of the proletarian revolution in the west is a prerequisite to Russia.The focus of their contention is how to look at the development of village communes and Russian capitalism.Their fundamental differences are those between historical materialism and historical idealism and between scientific socialism and utopian socialism.