国际背景下的近代中国棉业危机——以民国初年长江三角洲为例

近代以来尤其是19世纪末以后,长江三角洲传统棉业遇到了前所未有的挑战。从国际贸易的视角来看,外棉走俏长江三角洲市场;原棉品质日趋低劣,市场需求渐趋萎缩;原棉产量不稳,外棉乘势猛增;交易流通繁杂无序,纱厂青睐外棉;税收政策利于外棉倾销。这些因素使得长江三角洲的传统棉业遇到了前所未有的猛烈冲击,国产棉必须随势改良。这种传统产业的转型动力来自于"西方冲击"下的危机和挑战的历史事实。

Cotton Industry Crisis in the International Trade Background in Modern Chinese History

Since the end of 19th century,cotton industry in the Yangtze River Delta has come across unprecedented challenges.In terms of international trade,imported cotton has enjoyed popularity in YRD market while the quality of domestic cotton gets worse and worse,which leads to the decreasing demand of domestic cotton.Its production has suffered fluctuation;meanwhile the quantity of oversea cotton has risen sharply.Trading of domestic cotton is complex and disordered,so imported cotton is preferred by cotton mills.All these factors together with dumping-friendly tax policy lead to severe shocks in traditional cotton industry of YRD.To break the deadlock and find a way out,the quality of domestic cotton must be improved from time to time.This incentive for industrial transformation comes from the crisis and challenge brought about.by western shocks