平等的三种涵义

平等是衡量公平、公正和正义的基本尺度。右翼自由主义的平等观止步于形式上的权利平等，左翼自由主义和马克思主义则进一步主张实质性的资源平等与能力平等。权利平等致力于消除社会特权背景对于平等实现的障碍，资源平等致力于消除外界物质条件对于平等实现的障碍，能力平等致力于消除人的主观能力条件对于平等实现的障碍。权利平等、资源平等与能力平等的要求均源于社会共有的逻辑。法定权利、物质资源、能力禀赋在根本上属于人类社会的集体资产。利用权力、资源与能力创造财富的人可以获得收益的较大部分，其他人则因为对权利、资源与能力的共同所有权而分享部分收益。对个人使用权、收益权的肯定支持了按贡献分配的市场效率原则，对个人终极所有权的否定则为社会财富的再分配提供了正当的理论依据。

Three Connotations of Equality

Equality is the basic measure to fairness, impartiality and justice.Right-wing of liberalists hold equality of rights as all what equality means, while Marxists, besides some left-wing of liberalists, put forward equality of resources and equality of capa-bilities.Equality of rights is committed to eliminate social privileges, equality of resources is committed to narrow the wealth gap, and equality of capabilities is committed to narrow the capability gap between humans.Equality is derived from public ownership.Rights, resources and capabilities belong to the whole society basically and no one can declare his or her ownership exclusively .The one who make use of rights, resources and capabilities could occupy the main portion of the wealth he or she creates, which ensures production efficiency.Others may share the wealth because of the public ownership, which gives theoretical foundation to redistribution.