“试验性使用”豁免原则的变迁：德国的立法和司法裁判评介

专利权具有一定的扩张性，专利法因此构建了复杂而系统的权利限制制度，而“试验性使用”豁免原则是这一制度设计的一个重要环节。在德国立法领域，“试验性使用”豁免原则主要表现为法律用语与行为方式较为模糊，试验对象范围较为狭窄和试验目的具有多样性；在德国司法领域，该原则主要表现为法律适用统一，注重社会公益性考量和对法条进行宽松解释并加以运用。

Evolution of the principle of "experimental use" exemption: introduction and evaluation of the legislation and judicial practice in Germany

Patent right is likely to expand itself, so the patent system introduces a series of complex provisions of restriction on the patent right. The principle of ＂experimental use＂ exemption is the highlight of the whole system. This article presents an in-depth analysis of the principle from the aspects of legislation and the history of judicial practice in Germany. In the process of legislation, the performance of the principle is ineffective and inefficient because of ambiguity and uncertainty of related legal provisions and interpretations, narrower scope of test objectives and diversity of the purposes of testing. Conversely, in the field of judicial practice, courts apply this principle more unifiedly and liberally, and pay more attention to the public interest.