英国撒切尔政府宏观经济政策的实践与特点

撒切尔政府时期（1979-1990）的宏观经济政策放弃了传统的凯恩斯主义的＂需求管理＂,转而采取以货币主义为主的＂供应管理＂,治理通货膨胀代替充分就业成为英国宏观经济政策的主要目标。其宏观经济政策在实践过程中可以分成四个阶段：第一阶段（1979-1981）：严厉的货币主义与经济衰退;第二阶段（1982-1985）：实用主义与经济复苏;第三阶段（1986-1988）：＂劳森繁荣＂与汇率和货币政策的矛盾;第四阶段（1988-1990）：衰退和劳森的辞职。其宏观经济政策实践过程中表现出三个特点：与＂需求管理＂相比,撒切尔时期宏观经济政策的地位下降了;反通货膨胀的宏观经济政策目标贯穿整个撒切尔政府时期,这体现了撒切尔夫人重新划定国家活动疆界、信奉新自由主义经济学的政治经济理念;撒切尔政府也是在探索中推行其宏观经济政策的。

An Analysis of the Practice and Characteristics of Macroeconomic Policy in Thatcher's Government

Thatcher＇s Government＇s macroeconomic policy abandoned traditional demand management of Keynesianism and carried out the supply management based on monetarism. Anti-inflation became the main objective of macroeconomic policy instead of full employment. There are four stages in its practice： the first stage （1979-81）： extreme monetarism and economic recession; the second stage （1982-85）： pragmatism and economic resurgence; the third stage （1986-87）： Lawson＇ s boom and contradiction between exchange rate and monetary policy; The fourth stage （1988-1990）： recession and Lawson＇ s resignation. There are three characteristics in its practice. Compared with demand management, the importance of macroeconomic policy in Thatcher＇ s government descended. Anti-inflation--the main objective of macroeconomic policy--ran through the whole period of Thatcher＇ s government and embodied the political and economic philosophy of re-ruling the border of State intervention and Neo-Liberal economics which is embraced by Mrs. Thatcher. Thatcher＇ s government was also exploring the implementation of its policy. e