劳动力流动对人力资本形成与配置的影响

改革开放以后,我国劳动力流动的迅速增加,对人力资本的形成与配置产生了深刻的影响。劳动力流动不仅有利于促进人力资本的形成与优化配置,而且有利于提高欠发达地区对人力资本的重视程度;与此同时,劳动力流动也加剧了企业之间对人力资本的竞争,并以此促动了企业的用工制度改革。但是,劳动力的不均衡流动所带来的负面影响也是不容忽视的,它造成了地区间人力资本的巨大差异及一定程度的人才浪费,使企业面临人力资本投资成本增加与人力资本流失的矛盾。而对这些问题,不仅应该在政策方面进一步放宽并取消对劳动力流动的限制,而且应该从各个层面与角度重视企业对人力资本的培育。

The Impact Labor Force Floating Has on the Formation and Configuration of Human Capital

The accelerated labor force in China after the Reform and Opening up to the outside world has had deep influence on the formation and configuration of human capital. The floating of labor force helps to promote the formation and rational distribution ,to increase the attention to manpower capital in the under-developed areas, and has aggravated the competition on the manpower capital between enterprises, motivated the recruitment system reform in enterprises. But the unbalanced floating of workforce has caused the enormous difference of workforce between areas and the talent waste to some extent and at the same time it has made enterprises face the contradiction between the increased cost of capital investment of manpower and the losses of manpower capital too. These problems can only be solved by cancel the restriction on the workforce floating, promoting the workforce flowing scientifically and rationally between areas. Besides, enterprises should also strengthen the training for the manpower capital and avoid its loss through the special salary and position promotion system, etc..