广州五羊传说与五仙观考论——汉晋迄宋岭南道教的微观考察

五羊衔谷传说在汉晋时期已有流传,降至南朝刘宋,五羊传说增加了道教色彩,一变而为五仙五羊传说。入唐之后,此说影响日广,广州遂有五羊城之名。中唐时期,五仙且以广州城隍神的形象出现并受到祭祀。及至南汉,基于五仙五羊传说而肇创五仙观,建祠立祀。北宋续有迁徙、重建,见诸珉石,由此可略窥守土之官"事神治民"的施政理念。凡此皆折射出道教与地方文化传统的融合与历史变迁。

A Textual Study of the Legend of Five Goats and Five-immortal Temple of Guangzhou

The development of the legend of Five Goats of Guangzhou and the foundation and the changes of Five-immortal Temple are discussed in detail based on local chronicles,epigraphs and verses in this article.It is pointed out that the legend of Five Goats with rice in their mouths was going around in the period of Han and Jin dynasties.And when the legend passed into the Song of Southern Dynasties,it was tinted with Taoist color and the new legend of Five Immortals and Five Goats came into being.In Tang Dynasty,the City of Five Goats became an alias of Guangzhou because of the wide-spreading new legend.In mid-Tang period,the Five Immortals were sacrificed as the City-god of Guangzhou.The Five-immortal Temple was found in the South Han and was moved elsewhere and then moved back to the original site for reconstruction in the Northern Song Dynasty.All the facts point to the meeting and blending of Taoism and local cultural tradition in Lingnan region.