从知情同意原则的历史渊源和发展轨迹看其所保护之权利及其性质

在知情同意原则的发展历程中,不管是对“同意”缺失还是“知情同意”缺失的关注,都彰显了对患者的自主权和自身权的尊重。在信息披露是否充分的判定方面,从以“医师”为导向的客观化披露标准到以“患者”为导向的主观化披露标准的演变也为患者自主权和自我决定权的保护做了一个很好的注脚。而在“伤害”诉因和“疏忽”诉因的选择上,支持者和反对者的立论基础也在于患者的自主权和自我决定权。从知情同意原则的发展轨迹中可以窥视出,知情同意原则所保护的权利是患者的自主权和自我决定权。患者的自我决定权是一种人格权,是一种可从国家宪法文本中找到落脚点的宪法权利,是一种在强制医疗场合可对抗国家政府行为无合法根据侵入的自由利益,是一种消极面和积极面两面一体的权利。

Exploring the Informed Consent through Tracing the Origination and the Development

Through tracing the historical development of informed consent,The lawsuits based on both the "lack of consent" and "lack of informed consent" illustrate respect for the right of autonomy and the person.On judging the sufficiency of information disclosure,the transformation from doctor-orientated objective standards to patients-orientated subjective standards makes a good footnote for the protection of right of self-determination.Moreover,the arguments of both the proponents and opponents of "battery"and "negligence" focuses on patients' right of autonomy and self-determination.What the doctrine of informed consent protects is the right of autonomy and self-determination of the patients.The patients' right of self-determination is one type of rights of personality,and is a constitutional right whose legal basis can be found in the constitution.It is also a liberty interest protected against state's intrusion without legitimate objectives in a scenario of involuntary medication.Moreover,the right of self-determination is a compound right with both negative and positive right facets.