NFT数字艺术品版权法律问题的厘清

NFT数字艺术品具有唯一性，是有数字资产价值的艺术品。相较于一般艺术品，它具有准物权属性和版权属性，其交易是数字资产权属交易和版权许可使用的复合行为。NFT数字艺术品交易分为铸造发布和链上交易两个阶段。铸造是版权法意义上的复制行为，上链发布是信息网络传播行为，后续链上交易不属于复制行为，而是准发行行为，其转售行为适用权利穷竭原则。由于载体的无形性，NFT数字艺术品持有人无法享有展览权。同时，基于智能合约中蕴含的版权许可，持有人享有非交互式传播的权利。对NFT数字艺术品非交互式传播的保护，可以考虑通过将其纳入广播权控制范围或者适用《中华人民共和国著作权法》第十条“其他权利”等途径实现。

Identify the Legal Issues of Copyrights for Non-Fungible Tokens Digital Art

NFT digital art has the uniqueness, and is a work of art with digital asset value. Compared with general works of art, it has quasi-property rights and copyright attributes. Its transaction is a composite act of digital asset ownership transaction and copyright license use. NFT digital art transaction is divided into two stages: casting-release and on-chain transaction. Casting is a reproduction act in the sense of copyright law. Releasing is the behavior of information network dissemination. The subsequent transactions on the chain do not belong to the replication behavior, but is the quasi-issuing behavior, and its resale behavior applies the principle of exhaustion of rights. Due to the intangibility of the carrier, NFT digital art holders cannot enjoy the right to exhibition. At the same time, based on the copyright license contained in the intelligent contract, the holder has the right of non-interactive transmission. It can be considered to achieve to protect the non-interactive transmission of NFT digital art either by including it in the control scope of broadcasting rights or by applying the other rights of Article 10 of the Copyright Law of the People’s Republic of China.