船舶物权登记对抗主义中“第三人”界定

我国《海商法》和《物权法》等就船舶物权变动确立了＂登记对抗主义＂立法例,即船舶物权变动未经登记不得对抗第三人。在具体适用相关法条时,司法界对第三人予以了泛化认定,既背离了登记对抗主义的本意又动摇了物权的性质,引致法律适用中的逻辑混乱、当事人利益失衡。从国外立法例引入的登记对抗主义并非以我国物权变动的法定公示模式为基础,故对登记对抗主义中第三人的认定必须有所限制,应在坚持船舶物权变动的法定原则基础上,在个案中区分法律关系并结合举证责任等进行界定。

Identification of the Third Party in the Doctrine of Registration to Perfect Security Interest about Real Right of Ship

Maritime Code and Real Right Code of PRC adopt the Doctrine of Registration to Perfect Security Interest when dealing with the alternation of ius in rem of ship,which means un-registered alternation can not act against a third party.In judicial system, the third party is identified generally in the application of relevant law,which leads to the logic confusion and interest unbalance between parties because this identification is not only aside from the Doctrine of Registration to Perfect Security Interest,but also at variance with the nature of Real Right.The Doctrine of Registration to Perfect Security Interest,introduced from abroad,is not on the basis of Chinese legalized model of the alternation of ius in rem,thus,the third party shall be identified restrictively under the Doctrine of Registration to Perfect Security Interest and defined comprehensively by the combination of the legal relationship,content of good faith and burden of proof on the basis of the principle of alternation of ius in rem of ship legalized.