重读“孝悌为仁之本”

本文试从“人我”关系亦即我与他人或他者的关系这一角度 ,重读孔子和儒家传统有关孝的思想 ,以期重新接近这一观念所蕴含的深刻伦理意义。孝这一观念所强调的是一个作为能够承担责任的伦理主体的我对他人的无可推卸的伦理责任。虽然从表面上看孝仅仅规定我与作为父母的这一特殊他人的特殊关系 ,但是 ,这是我与“第一”他人所发生的“第一”关系。作为我的第一他人的父母在某种意义上已经是一切他人的“原型”,而我与父母的伦理关系已经是我与其他一切人的伦理关系的“原型”。本文从分析孔子所说的敬开始 ,孔子对孝中之敬的强调表明 ,孝远非某种自然感情 ;敬作为我对他者之敬蕴含着他者的某种“超越”性和我作为我的“主体”性 ,一种“我而为他”的主体性。最后 ,对作为孝的构成部分的“事死如事生”亦即为父母居丧守孝以及祭祀的意义进行了分析

A Rereading of Filial Piety and Brotherly Respect Are the Root of Humanity in the Analects

This article attempts to reread the notion of filial piety in Confucius and the Confucian tradition in terms of the ethical relation of the I with the other, so that to re approach the profound significance that this concept involves. It attempts to show that in the last analysis what the notion of filial piety emphasises is the undeclinable ethical responsibility that the I as the ethical subject that can be responsible has for the other. Although superficially what filial piety prescribes is only my special relationship with my parents as the special other, but this is the first relationship I have with the first other. As the first other my parents are in a certain sense already the prototvpe of all the other people, and the ethical relationship between I and my Confucius emphasises in filial piety shows that filial piety is far from being a certain naturalfeeling. Respect as my respect for the other presupposes the transcendence of the other and the subjectivity of the self, a subjectivity which is he one for the other. The article concludes with an analysis of the significance of mourning and memorial ceremony for the dead parents, which constitutes part of the meaning of filial piety.