语言哲学视野中的隐喻

20世纪国外语言学界对隐喻研究的一个显著特点是从语义学向语言哲学的转向。在这一过程中 ,语言哲学家对隐喻的研究作出了各自的贡献 ,例如 ,Black提出隐喻意义从“互动”而来 ,White认为隐喻有复杂的语言学结构 ,Searle强调隐喻意义总是指说话者的意义 ,Davidson主张隐喻不可能有字面的解释 ,L akoff和 Johnson认为人类的思维过程大部分是隐喻的 ,Indurkhya则试图说明隐喻本质上是个投射过程。诸种探讨 ,把隐喻研究向前大大推进了一步。

Metaphor from the Perspective of Philosophy of Language

The study of metaphor in the 20th century generally shifted from semantic perspectives to philosophical perspectives. In this process of the change, some philosophers of language have made various contributions. Black states that the metaphorical meaning arises from interaction. To white, Metaphors are very complex linguistic structures. Searle holds the metaphor at the level of speaker's meaning is essential. Davidson argues that metaphor cannot be given literal expression. Lakoff and Johnson think that human thinking process is largely metaphorical. In addition, Indurkhya expounds metaphor is mainly a process of projection. The various approaches are breaking new grounds in the study of metaphor.