英国国民信托在环境保护中的作用及其对我国的借鉴意义

英国国民信托是一个以保护自然环境和历史文化环境为最终目标的、跨国界的民间慈善组织,其会员规模目前已经超过340万人,对保护英国乃至其他国家的自然环境和历史文化环境起到了非常重要的作用.这一成就主要来自于该组织特色鲜明的各种政策:"为了永久性保护而实行的财产收购"、"募捐与市场经营相结合"、"广泛参与与充分合作"、"以保护为重点、保护与开发相结合"和"全方位的保护"等.在这些经验的启示下,我国在开展民间环保运动方面应积极营造良好的政策环境,整合各地民间环保资源;适时制定国民环保信托法,引导民间环保信托组织的发展;激发全民参与意识,提高环保认同度等;实施全方位环保政策,保护与开发相结合.

The Effect of The National Trust in Britain in Environmental Protection and Its References to China

The study focuses on the National Trust,analyzes its foundation,background and development process,clarifies its effect in protecting natural environment and historical cultural environment,discusses its policies for the protection of the countryside,coastline and historical cultural heritage,and clears up its success factors.On these bases,the study provides some references to China in developing the private environmental movement.The National Trust is a private charitable organization that aims at protecting natural and historical cultural environment.In fact,it has succeeded in its original aim to a great degree.In 2005,its membership number has exceeded 3.4 million,and its properties contains plenty of countryside,houses,coastline and castles and so on,which are being well protected by the organization.The success of the National Trust lies in its characteristic policies:(1) Purchasing property in order to protect it permanently.Most of its properties can be protected as quickly and fully as possible and not disturbed by other interest groups.(2) Combining donation and market operation.While widely collecting for charity, the National Trust does many kinds of business activities,such as charging admittance fees and parking fees to non-members,developing local agricultural products through cooperating with farmers,and developing leisure tourism in its properties like countryside and forests.(3) Participating widely and cooperating fully.The National Trust calls for people to join the organization through various means and actively cooperates with other environmental protection organizations.(4) Emphasizing on the relation between protection and development.Its properties haven't been excessively influenced by the development of these properties.(5) Wide distribution in various regions.Its properties and members cover the whole country except Scotland,and even other countries.(6) All-directional protection.Its protection policy contains protection to both natural and historical cultural environment.When developing the private environmental movement in our country,we may actively establish a better policy environment to speed up the development of private organizations and integrate them,draw up a new law for the national environmental protection trust,activate people's sense of participation in environmental protection,and implement an all-directional protection,and so on.