“自得”与人生境界的审美超越——王阳明的人生境界论

在阳明心学 ,境界即本心良知在现实人生中的呈现。良知在不同的境域、不同的层次中呈现为不同的境界 ,即诚境、仁境、乐境 ,诚为意义世界的实诚存在 ,体现为真的境界 ;仁为道德世界的是非明觉 ,体现为善的境界 ;乐为审美世界的超越自得 ,体现为美的境界。三者亦即“有我之境”、“无我之境”、“超越之境”。诚境为基础 ,仁境为核心 ,乐境是理想 ,意义境界、道德境界的最高体验是无人而不自得的乐境 ,其向审美境界的转化就在于本心良知的超越自得体验

"Self-satisfaction"and Aesthetic Transcendence on the State of Life--On Wang Yang-ming''''s State of Life

In the Idealism of Wang Yang-ming, state is the presentation of one's conscience or intuition through the realistic life. The conscience presents as different states under different circumstances and levels, that is, the realm of truth, of benevolence and of pleasure. Truth is the real existence of the world of sense, and reflects the state of trueness; Benevolence is the clarity of the world of morality, and reflects the state of kindness;And pleasure is the transcendental self-satisfaction of the aesthetic world, reflecting the state of beauty. They can also be called as the state of self, state without self and state of transcendence. Realm of truth is the foundation, realm of benevolence is the core, and realm of pleasure is the ideal. The highest experience of the world of sense and morality is the realm of pleasure or self-satisfaction without any conditions, and its turn to the aesthetic state just lies in the transcendental and self- satisfying experience of one's conscience.