私法、公法、法治、自由——哈耶克法律思想评介

私法是调整个人活动的正当行为规则,公法则是规定政府之特定官员和机构所必须做的事情的组织命令.哈耶克.法律、立法与自由:第一卷M].邓正来,译.北京:中国大百科全书出版社,2000:208.]法治意味着政府除非实施众所周知的规则以外不得对个人实施强制,所以它构成了对政府机构的一切权力的限制,这当然也包括对立法机构的权力的限制.哈耶克.自由秩序原理:上册M].邓正来,译.北京:三联书店,1997:260.]自由就是允许个人追求自己的目标而不受共同目标的束缚.哈耶克.致命的自负M].冯克利,译.北京:中国社会科学出版社,2000:69.]法治是自由的保障.

Private Law, Public Law, Rule of Law, Liberty:Commentary and Introduction of Hayek's Legal Thought

Private law is the rules of just conduct which regulate individual activity,while public law is the organizational directions which prescribe what particular officers or agencies of government are required to do.The rule of law means that government should never coerce an individual except in the enforcement of a known rule,so it constitutes a limitation on the powers of all government,including the powers of the legislature.Freedom means the individual be allowed to pursue his own ends and no longer bounded by the common concrete ends of his community.The rule of law is the guarantee of liberty.