公正视野中的中国农民

经过20多年的改革开放,中国农村的经济发展取得了举世公认的成就。但是,中国农民阶层在公正对待方面如机会平等、按贡献分配及社会调剂等方面却往往处在十分不利的境地。中国农民在公正对待问题方面的主要特征是:农村现行的土地制度对于保征中国农民的公正底线具有至关重要的意义;农民的自致性取向往往会陷入复杂的困境;地位分化程度甚于职业分化程度;弱势地位很有可能会进一步加深。解决中国农民公正对待问题的基本路径在于:确立起共享社会发展成果的基本理念;在政策及社会层面上使农民得到基本的公正对待;建立农村基本的社会保障体系。

Chinese Peasants in the View of Justice

Through the reform and opening-up in the past 20 years, Chinese agricultural economy has great achievements, which is well known. But Chinese peasants have disadvantages in social justice, such as equal opportunity, distribution according to contribution, social relief. In this respect, problems lie in the following: current land institution has gratitude significance in warranting the bottom line of justice; the characteristics of peasants tend to lead them towards morass; stratification is more severe than differentiation in work; these disadvantages in society may become more serious. The solutions depend on: the idea of sharing the achievements of social development; giving peasants just treatment in policies; establish welfare system in rural area.