论清嘉道时期的社会危机

清嘉道时期的社会危机主要表现在二个方面:一是大量的流民游民群;二是大量的秘密结社。成千上万的流民游民,流离失所,生活赤贫,以各种方式和手段求生存,打乱了社会的正常秩序,造成了社会的急剧动荡;秘密结社从整体上看,借会谋生、借会敛财的经济色彩非常浓厚,很多敛财方式其实是一种抢劫,对社会构成威胁和破坏。大量事实表明:“不言利”的传统道德教条断绝了老百姓的谋生之路,是导致社会危机的主要原因。

A Research about the Social Crises during Jia and Dao Times of Qing Dynasty

The social crises during Jia and Dao times of Qing dynasty mainly manifested in two aspects, one was abundant groups of strayers and loosers, the other was abundant secret tongs. Thousands of destitute and homeless strayers and loosers strived for survival in all kinds of ways and methods, which disturped the normal social order and brought forth sudden social turbulences. The secret tongs with which people made lives and fortunes, had strong economic character. Many ways of making fortunes actually were waylays, which made menace and harms to the society. Abundant facts showed that the traditional morality of 'saying no interests' baffled people's ways of making living, which was the main cause of social crises.