于阗:从镇戍到军镇的演变

于阗是唐朝的安西四镇之一,在唐朝经营西域的过程中发挥着重要作用。于阗与唐朝其他边疆地区一样,在军政体制上也发生从镇戍到军镇的演变。本文认为,毗沙都督府与安西都护府是原有的羁縻府州系统,而于阗镇守军与安西四镇节度使是新的军镇系统。从长寿元年唐朝在四镇驻兵以后,开始了军镇化的过程,到安西四镇节度使定型,最终军镇体制后来居上,从权力上控制并支配了原来的羁縻体制。

Khotan: A Shift from Garrison Station to Garrison Town

Khotan( 于阗) ,one of the Four Garrisons of Anxi( 安西四镇 ) in the Tang Dynasty,played an important role in the central government’s administration over the Western Region. Like other border areas in the Tang Dynasty,Khotan underwent the changes from a garrison station to a garrison town in its military and administrative systems. In this article,the author argues that Pisha Dudufu( 毗沙都督府) and Anxi Duhufu ( 安西都护府) ,both of which were the highest military and administrative institutions assigned by the central government to the border areas,constituted the original system of autonomous prefectures and counties,while the garrisons stationed in Khotan and the military governor in charge of the Four Garrisons of Anxi belonged to the new system of garrison towns. The change of this system started with the garrison station of the troops assigned by the central government to the Four Garrisons of Anxi in 692 ( 长寿元年 ) . The new system of garrison towns was stabilized when the military governor took charge of the Four Garrisons of Anxi. Finally this new system of garrison towns replaced the original system of autonomous prefectures and counties.