中国文学中的乐妓及其制度考略

乐妓自古有之,根据其人身归属情况大致可分为宫妓、官妓、家妓、市井妓等;根据其所操技艺又可分为歌妓、舞妓等。乐妓几成唐宋宴饮活动之必需,与唐宋文人生活、文学创作密切相关,大量的文学作品中有其身影,一些作品甚至是专为她们而作。因此,了解乐妓的相关制度在把握乐妓境况、乐妓情态、乐妓与文人的关系、进而理解文学作品大有裨益。文章阐述了乐妓的发展史、各朝代的制度史,并研究了乐妓生活与文学作品的相关事例以及对文学的影响。 

A Study of System of Geisha in Chinese Ancient Literatures

Not late than the end of Xia Dynasty,geisha(yue-ji) had appeared in China.During three thousand years,the geisha had lasted continuously.According to their personal subordinate relationship,they can be classified into si-ji(proprietary trading geisha),jia-ji(domestics geisha),guan-ji(official geisha),gong-ji(court geisha),shijing-ji(registered geisha),and they could be divided into ge-ji(singing-girl) and wu-ji(dancing-girl) with their skills.Geisha’s appearance was must factor of banquets in Tang and Song Dynasties,and they closely connected with literati’s life and works.They were leading actress in a sum of literatures works,which were even to be written for them.Therefore,studying on related system is useful to understand situations and realities of geisha,relationships between geisha and literati,which could help to get to know literature works better.This article reviews the development and management histories in different dynasties,and gives some typical examples.