试论西方现代哲学中的实用主义倾向

实用主义于 2 0世纪初产生于美国 ,以是否具备实效作为概念具有意义的标准 ,企图调和经验主义和理性主义等对立的哲学观点。作为一种哲学思潮 ,它未能渗透于哲学的各具体领域之中。自 2 0世纪 5 0年代以来 ,在分析哲学等领域中相继出现了实用主义倾向 ,奎因等人是其中著名的代表。他们在继承实用主义传统的同时 ,大力提倡整体主义 ,使实用主义哲学具有了高度的理论思维水平和当代哲学形式 ,在西方哲学界产生了巨大的影响。此实用主义倾向的形成 ,符合 2 0世纪西方社会总的文化思潮和哲学思潮所体现的发展趋势 ,也反映了英语国家哲学和欧洲大陆哲学之间渴望对话和融合的强烈要求 ,并为之提供了一条可能的路径

On the Tendency of Pragmatism in Modern Western Philosophy

Pragmatism, which originated in the early 20th century in USA, was a school of philosophy whose members took possession of practical effects as the criterion for a concepts having a clear meaning, by means of this, they tempted to make concessions for the antagonistic points of view between Empiricism and Rationalism. As a trend of thought, it has not had the penetrated effects in the main region of philosophy. Since 1950s, there has appeared the tendency of Pragmatism in some areas of philosophy such as Analytic philosophy. By means of carrying forward the tradition of Pragmatism and advocating Holism, some philosophers, among which Quine was the representative figure, made Pragmatism possess high level of thinking and modern shape, and make important effects in modern Western philosophy consequently. The tendency catered for the general tendency of Western culture and philosophy in 20th century and the need of dialogue and fusion between philosophies in the English-speaking countries and the continent, which, furthermore, provided a possible way to the latter.