应该怎样理解审美的“无利害性”

“审美”(鉴赏判断)这个概念按照康德的本意,是通过无利害的自由愉快来使人超越利害关系的束缚,沟通经验世界和超验世界,把人引向“最高的善”。这是直接针对自启蒙运动以来科技理性肆虐、人文理性沦落而发的。但由于康德的先验论哲学思想以及在方法上所采取的“纯粹理性的建筑术”的局限,最终导致他不可能完全解决两个世界的对立。我们应该在肯定康德美学思想的积极意义的同时,回避它的思想局限,从他律性与自律性的关系着眼,正确理解审美在扬弃主观与客观、自由与必然、无限与有限、超验世界与经验世界的对立,以及审美在使人进入和谐统一境界、实现精神上的自由解放的重要意义。

How to Understand the Non- interestedness of the Aesthetics

According to Kant, the concept of aesthetics is to make people transcend the trammels of interests through the non-interested freedom and pleasure, communicate the experienced and transcendental world, and lead people to the “uppermost kindness”. But because of the limitation of his philosophy and methodology, he cannot solve the opposite of the two worlds completely. On the one hand,we should affirm the positive meaning of Kant’s aesthetic thinking, on the other hand, attempting to avoid its thinking limitation, and viewing from the relation between autonomy and heteronomy, to reach the correct understanding of the important meaning of the aesthetics in subletting the opposites between the subjective and the objective, the free and the necessity, the finite and the infinite, and the experienced and the transcendental world, guiding people enter the harmonious and unite state, and realizing the spiritual freedom and liberation.