北宋前期官品令复原研究

现存的宋朝官品令,载于《宋史·职官八》,但属于南宋时期的官品令,为元丰改制后的产物。改制之前,北宋前期的官品令已经亡佚。它究竟是唐代旧制,还是宋朝新制,学界持有不同观点。宋承唐制,品阶制度也不例外。自宋朝初年至元丰改制前,基本沿用唐代官品令。元丰改制,才形成了本朝新制。《旧唐书·职官一》所载《永泰官品令》,与《唐六典》所载官品令并无大异,它记录了唐德宗以前的品秩变动,并为五代、北宋沿用。《宋史·职官八》所载《建隆以后合班之制》,记录元丰改制之前行用的唐代职事官。《宋史·舆服四》所载康定二年行用的部分官品,《职官分纪》所载若干官品,以及唐后半期至宋元丰改制前的相关零散史料,大体可以复原北宋前期的品阶制度。

Correction on Research of Official Rank System in Early Song Dynasty

The existing official rank system in Song Dynasty, which was written in The History of Song Dynasty—official eight, is the official rank system of South Song Dynasty. It appeared after the System Change in Yuanfeng reign. However, before the System Change, the official rank system in North Song Dynasty was missing. There are two different viewpoints on the official rank system of North Song Dynasty in historical circle: It inherits the official rank of Tang Dynasty. It’s a new official rank system of Song Dynasty. As we all know, the political system of Song Dynasty inherits that of Tang Dynasty, so does the official rank system. Basically, the official rank system of Tang Dynasty obtained from the beginning of Song Dynasty to the System Change in Yuanfeng reign. The new Song official rank system appeared after the System Change. The Official Rank System in Yongtai reign of Old Book of Tang Dynasty—Official Rank One, which has little differences with the official rank system written in The Administrative code of Tang Dynasty, recorded the official rank system change before Emperor Dezong of Tang Dynasty and was inherited in Five Dynasties period and North Song Dynasty. The Official Rank Combination policy after Jianlong Reign in The History of Song Dynasty—Official Eight recorded the Tang style government officials before the System Change of Yuanfeng reign in North Song Dynasty. According to the record in The History of Song Dynasty—Yufu Four, The History of Government Officials and some historical data from late Tang Dynasty to System Change in Yuanfeng reign, we can recover the official rank system of early North Song Dynasty substantially.