收入差距与居民消费碳排放关系

国内外学者对收入差距与碳排放的相关性做了一些研究，但并未得出一致结论。为探究在中国国情下收入及收入差距与居民消费碳排放间的相关性，核算中国30个省（直辖市、自治区）的居民消费碳排放量，并采用差异性测度方法（基尼系数、拟基尼系数、Kakwani指数、Theil指数）进行相关分析。结果表明:（1）2002—2012年，中国处于收入提高、收入差距缩小而居民消费碳排放量扩大的阶段；（2）收入与居民消费碳排放量非线性正相关，处于不同收入组的省份，在发生收入组变化时，碳排放不平等程度会呈不同的变化趋势；（3）从全国来看，收入差距与居民消费碳排放间负相关，但是从各收入组来看二者之间的关系是不确定的；（4）提高居民收入、缩小收入差距从而促进人均间接碳排放量降低的共赢局面很难达成。政府应根据收入差异化制定节能减排政策，提倡低碳生活主动减排，并推动供给侧改革及促进科技创新以减少间接碳排放。

Correlation between Income Disparity and CO2 Emissions from Household Consumption

Domestic and foreign scholars have investigated the correlation between income disparity and carbon emissions, but have not reached a consensus. To explore the correlation between income and income disparity with CO₂ emissions from household consumption, the CO₂ emissions from household consumption of 30 provinces(or municipalities, or autonomous regions) in China were calculated and the correlation was analyzed using Gini coefficient, Concentration index, Kakwani index and the Theil index. From 2002 to 2012, China''s household income increased, the income disparity decreased, but the carbon emissions of residents increased. Income and household consumption carbon emissions showed nonlinear positive correlation. And in provinces with different income groups, carbon emission inequality showed distinct trends when income groups changed. From the perspective of the whole country, the income gap was negatively correlated with the carbon emissions of household consumption, but from the perspective of each income group, the relationship between them was uncertain. It was hard to achieve the win-win situation of increasing residents'' income and decreasing income disparity so as to promote the reduction of indirect carbon emissions per capita. It is suggested that the government formulate energy conservation and emissions reduction policies based on income differentiation, and advocate initiative emissions reduction of low-carbon life. In addition, supply-side reform and technological innovation should be promoted to reduce indirect carbon emissions.