初步证据的内涵冲突与概念匡正

初步证据在法律、司法解释及实务中应用广泛，但初步证据的内涵无法统一。《民用航空法》等法律中的应用缘起英美法系，初步证据内涵是转移证明责任的法定证据规则。《民诉解释》第284条代表的司法应用，实质与大陆法系疏明规则类似，初步证据内涵是提示当事人履行提供证据责任。《民用航空法》等法律中的初步证据应用范围非常狭窄，且与大陆法系非成文证据规则体系不融洽，该类初步证据的内涵并不具有可采性。司法解释和实务中的初步证据应用广泛，且与大陆法系疏明规则本质相同。中国应借鉴疏明规则界定初步证据内涵，并进一步明确初步证据规则的证明对象、证明责任分配及证明标准等事项。

Prima Facie Evidence: Conflict of Implication and Rectification of Conception

Prima facie evidence is widely used in law,judicial interpretation and practice,but the Implication of it cannot be unified. The application of Prima facie evidence in the Civil Aviation Law and other laws,which transfers the burden of persuasion,stems from the common law system. The application of Prima facie evidence in article 284 of the Judicial Interpretation of Civil Procedure Law,which is to remind the parties of the burden of proof,is similar to the rule of Glaubhaftmachung in civil law system. The former usage of Prima facie evidence is very narrow,which doesn''t accord to the evidence rule system of civil law system,and should be abandoned. The latter usage of Prima facie evidence is extensive,which accords to the evidence rule system of civil law system. Therefore,the usage of Prima facie evidence in our country should learn from the rule of Glaubhaftmachung in civil law system.