中国农村居民生活用能现状、问题与应对

农村能源转型是农村现代化的重要内容，也是当前中国能源系统转型的一个短板。回顾近四十年来中国农村能源发展取得的巨大成就，能源供应呈现多元化，清洁能源普及率稳步上升；电力基础设施质量显著提升，电价大幅下降后稳定在较低水平。揭示了农村居民生活用能存在的一些问题及原因:传统能源与现代能源并存，清洁商品能用量少；清洁能源基础设施建设难度大、运行维护资金投入少；低收入水平家庭比重高，用能能力偏弱；农户对传统能源的健康风险认知落后，对不同炉具设施的质量缺乏判断能力。进一步分析了固体燃料利用造成的健康和社会经济影响，结合中国的实际情况指出了今后的重点工作领域。

Residential Energy Consumption in Rural China:Situation,Problems and Solutions

Rural energy transition is one of the main aspects of rural modernization，and is currently the weakness of China's energy system transformation. This paper reviews the achievements of China's rural energy development in the last four decades，such as divesting energy supply，popularizing clean energy， significantly upgrading electricity infrastructure，and dramatically reducing electricity use price. It finds the problems and reasons in rural energy development，such as traditional and modern energy coexistence，low commercial energy use，difficulties in clean energy infrastructure construction，lacks of maintenance funding，many low income households and clean energy unaffordability，and insufficient awareness on health risks and stove quality. It further discusses the potential risk and social-economic impacts of solid fuel use，and draws some advices on future energy development according to China's situations.